Keywords
autoinmunidad tiroidea
autoantígenos tiroideos
tiroglobulina
Peroxidasa tiroidea
Receptores de la TSH (TSHR)
autoantígenos tiroideos
tiroglobulina
Peroxidasa tiroidea
Receptores de la TSH (TSHR)
How to Cite
Orrego Monsalve, A. (2017). Autoinmunidad tiroidea Nuevos conceptos en la fisiopatología. Revista Colombiana De Endocrinología, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolismo, 2(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.53853/encr.2.1.65
Abstract
La glándula tiroides juega un papel esencial en la homeostasis metabólica. La enfermedad de Graves y la tiroiditis de Hashimoto tienen una prevalencia de 2% y constituyen las entidades autoinmunes más frecuentes en humanos. Estas entidades se originan por la pérdida de la tolerancia a los antígenos tiroideos en personas genéticamente susceptibles en asociación con factores ambientales.
Se ha obtenido un importante progreso en el conocimiento de los genes responsables de las enfermedades tiroideas autoinmunes. Además, se ha profundizado en los últimos años en los factores y procesos comprometidos en la ruptura de la tolerancia a los antígenos propios.
Hasta el momento no existe evidencia de que la enfermedad de Graves espontánea se presente en especies diferentes a la humana, en cambio la tiroiditis autoinmune ocurre espontáneamente en ciertos mamíferos y aves. La comprensión de la tolerancia a los autoantígenos y su ruptura que conduce a la producción de la autoinmunidad tiroidea puede esclarecerse con el examen de las siguientes preguntas en ambas entidades, la espontánea y la inducida en animales experimentales.
References
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3. McLachlan SM,Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens:Changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine review.2014;25:59-105.
4. McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Thyroid peroxidase as an autoantigen. Thyroid 2007;17:939-948.
5. Rapoport B, McLachlan SM, Thethryrotropin receptor in Graves´disease. Thyroid. 2007;17:938-948.
6. Czarnocka B. Thyroperioxidase, Thyroglobulin, Na (+)/I(-) symporter,pendrinin thyroid autoimmunity. Front Biosci (Land mark Ed). 2011; 16:783-802.
7. Muixi, Carrascal M, Alvarez I, et al. Thyroglobulin peptides associate in vivo to HLA-DR in autoinmune thyroid gland. J Immunol. 2008;181:795-806.
8. Chazenbalk GD, Pichurin PN, GuoJ,et al. Interactions between the mannose receptor and thyroid autoantigens.Clin Exp Immunol.2005;139:216-224.
9. Brand OJ, Barret JC,Simmonds MJ, et al. Association of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) with Graves disease. Human Mol Genet. 2009;18:1704-1713.
10. Grennan Jones F, Wolsten holme A, Fowler S, et al. High level expression of recombinant immunoreactive thyroid peroxidase in the high five insect cell line. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996;17:165-174.
11. Le Fourn V,Ferrand M, Franc JL. Endoproteolitic cleavage of human thyroperioxidase: role of the propeptide in the protein folding process . J Biol Chem. 2005;280:4568-4577.
12. Dai G, Levy O, Carrasco N.Cloning And characterization of the thyroid Iodide transporter. Nature. 1996;379:458-460.
13. Raspé E, Costagliola S, Ruf J, et al. Identification of the thyroid Na+/I- contrasporter as a potential autoantigen in thyroid autoinmune disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995;132:399-405.
14. Ajjan RA, Kemp EH, Waternan EA, et al. Detection of binding and blocking autoantibodies to the human sodium symporter in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clen Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2020-2027.
15. Smith TJ. JsIGF-1 receptor a tarjet for autoantibodies generation in Graves´ disease?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:515-518.
16. Varewijck AJ,Boelen A, Lamberts SW et al. Circulating IgGs may modúlate IGF- 1 receptor stimulating activity in a subset of patients with Graves´ ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:769-776.
17. Misharin AV, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Thyroid antigen, no central tolarence, control reponses to immunization in BALB/c C57BL/6mice. Thyroid. 2009,19:503-509.
18. Stahl P, Gordon S. Expression of a mannosil.-fucosil receptor for endocytosis on cultured primary macrophages an their hybrids. J Cell Biol. 1982;93:49-56.
19. Engering AJ. Cella M, Fluitsma D, et al. The mannose receptor function as a high capacity and broad specifity antigen receptor in human dendritic cell. Eur J Immunol. 1997;27:2417-2425.
20. Tomer Y, Greenberg DA, Concepción E, et al.Thyroglulinis a thyroid specific gene for the familial autoinmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:404-407.
21. McLachan SM. Interactions between the mannose receptor and thyroid autoantigens. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;139: 216-224
22. Orgiazzi J, Williams DE, Chopra IJ, et al. Human thyroid adenyl ciclase stimulating activity in immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves´ disease. J Clin Endo- crinol Metab. 1976;42:341-354.
23. Endo K, Kasagi K, Konishi J, et al. Detection and properties of TSH binding inhibitors immunoglobulins in patients with Graves´ disease and Hashimoto´s Thyroiditis. J Clin Endicrinol Metab . 1978;46:734-739.
24. Khoo TK, Bahn RS. Pathogenesis of Graves´ophthalmopathy: the role of auto- antibodies. Thyroid. 2007;17:1013-1018.
25. Prentice IM, Phillips DI, Sarsero D, et al. Greographical distribution of subclinical autoinmune thyroid disease in Britain: a study using highly sensitive direct assay for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Acta Endo- crinol (Copenh). 1990;123:493-498.
26. Acar T,Ozbek SS, Erdogan M, Ozgen AG, et al. Us finding in euthyroid patients with positive antithyroid autoantibodies test compared to normal and hypothiroid cases. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2013;19:265-270.
27. Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Mariotti S, et al, Changes of circulating autoantibodies levels during and after the therapy with Graves´ disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 1982;5:13-19
28. Yassai M, Ammon K, Goverman J, et al. A molecular marker for thymocites positive selection of CD4 single-positive thymocites with shorter TCRB CDR3 during T cell development . J Inmmunol.2002;168:3801-3807.
29. Kappler JW, Roehm N, Marrack P. T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. Cell . 1987;49:273-280.
30. Laurenco EV, La Cava A. Natural Regulatory T cell in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity.2011;44:33-42.
31. Thomas JW. Antigen-specific responses in autoimmunity and tolerance. Immunol Res.2001;23:235-244.
32. Guery L, Hugues S. Tolerogenic and activatory plasmocitoid dendritic cell in autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2013;4:59-64.
33. Finnish German. APECED Consortium .An autoinmune disease, APECED, caused for mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains. NalGenet. 1997;17:399-403.
34. Zhang M, Vacchio MS, Vistica BP, et al. T cell tolerance to neo-self antigen expressed cells: the soluble form is more effective tan the membrane-bound form. J Immunol. 2003; 170:3954-3962.
2. Tomer Y, Huber A. The etiology of autoinmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment. J autoinmmun. 2009;32:231-239.
3. McLachlan SM,Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens:Changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine review.2014;25:59-105.
4. McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Thyroid peroxidase as an autoantigen. Thyroid 2007;17:939-948.
5. Rapoport B, McLachlan SM, Thethryrotropin receptor in Graves´disease. Thyroid. 2007;17:938-948.
6. Czarnocka B. Thyroperioxidase, Thyroglobulin, Na (+)/I(-) symporter,pendrinin thyroid autoimmunity. Front Biosci (Land mark Ed). 2011; 16:783-802.
7. Muixi, Carrascal M, Alvarez I, et al. Thyroglobulin peptides associate in vivo to HLA-DR in autoinmune thyroid gland. J Immunol. 2008;181:795-806.
8. Chazenbalk GD, Pichurin PN, GuoJ,et al. Interactions between the mannose receptor and thyroid autoantigens.Clin Exp Immunol.2005;139:216-224.
9. Brand OJ, Barret JC,Simmonds MJ, et al. Association of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) with Graves disease. Human Mol Genet. 2009;18:1704-1713.
10. Grennan Jones F, Wolsten holme A, Fowler S, et al. High level expression of recombinant immunoreactive thyroid peroxidase in the high five insect cell line. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996;17:165-174.
11. Le Fourn V,Ferrand M, Franc JL. Endoproteolitic cleavage of human thyroperioxidase: role of the propeptide in the protein folding process . J Biol Chem. 2005;280:4568-4577.
12. Dai G, Levy O, Carrasco N.Cloning And characterization of the thyroid Iodide transporter. Nature. 1996;379:458-460.
13. Raspé E, Costagliola S, Ruf J, et al. Identification of the thyroid Na+/I- contrasporter as a potential autoantigen in thyroid autoinmune disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995;132:399-405.
14. Ajjan RA, Kemp EH, Waternan EA, et al. Detection of binding and blocking autoantibodies to the human sodium symporter in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clen Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2020-2027.
15. Smith TJ. JsIGF-1 receptor a tarjet for autoantibodies generation in Graves´ disease?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:515-518.
16. Varewijck AJ,Boelen A, Lamberts SW et al. Circulating IgGs may modúlate IGF- 1 receptor stimulating activity in a subset of patients with Graves´ ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:769-776.
17. Misharin AV, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Thyroid antigen, no central tolarence, control reponses to immunization in BALB/c C57BL/6mice. Thyroid. 2009,19:503-509.
18. Stahl P, Gordon S. Expression of a mannosil.-fucosil receptor for endocytosis on cultured primary macrophages an their hybrids. J Cell Biol. 1982;93:49-56.
19. Engering AJ. Cella M, Fluitsma D, et al. The mannose receptor function as a high capacity and broad specifity antigen receptor in human dendritic cell. Eur J Immunol. 1997;27:2417-2425.
20. Tomer Y, Greenberg DA, Concepción E, et al.Thyroglulinis a thyroid specific gene for the familial autoinmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:404-407.
21. McLachan SM. Interactions between the mannose receptor and thyroid autoantigens. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;139: 216-224
22. Orgiazzi J, Williams DE, Chopra IJ, et al. Human thyroid adenyl ciclase stimulating activity in immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves´ disease. J Clin Endo- crinol Metab. 1976;42:341-354.
23. Endo K, Kasagi K, Konishi J, et al. Detection and properties of TSH binding inhibitors immunoglobulins in patients with Graves´ disease and Hashimoto´s Thyroiditis. J Clin Endicrinol Metab . 1978;46:734-739.
24. Khoo TK, Bahn RS. Pathogenesis of Graves´ophthalmopathy: the role of auto- antibodies. Thyroid. 2007;17:1013-1018.
25. Prentice IM, Phillips DI, Sarsero D, et al. Greographical distribution of subclinical autoinmune thyroid disease in Britain: a study using highly sensitive direct assay for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Acta Endo- crinol (Copenh). 1990;123:493-498.
26. Acar T,Ozbek SS, Erdogan M, Ozgen AG, et al. Us finding in euthyroid patients with positive antithyroid autoantibodies test compared to normal and hypothiroid cases. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2013;19:265-270.
27. Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Mariotti S, et al, Changes of circulating autoantibodies levels during and after the therapy with Graves´ disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 1982;5:13-19
28. Yassai M, Ammon K, Goverman J, et al. A molecular marker for thymocites positive selection of CD4 single-positive thymocites with shorter TCRB CDR3 during T cell development . J Inmmunol.2002;168:3801-3807.
29. Kappler JW, Roehm N, Marrack P. T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. Cell . 1987;49:273-280.
30. Laurenco EV, La Cava A. Natural Regulatory T cell in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity.2011;44:33-42.
31. Thomas JW. Antigen-specific responses in autoimmunity and tolerance. Immunol Res.2001;23:235-244.
32. Guery L, Hugues S. Tolerogenic and activatory plasmocitoid dendritic cell in autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2013;4:59-64.
33. Finnish German. APECED Consortium .An autoinmune disease, APECED, caused for mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains. NalGenet. 1997;17:399-403.
34. Zhang M, Vacchio MS, Vistica BP, et al. T cell tolerance to neo-self antigen expressed cells: the soluble form is more effective tan the membrane-bound form. J Immunol. 2003; 170:3954-3962.
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