Keywords
risk factors
pregnant women
diet
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, and more than an essential vitamin, it is a hormone. Between 90% and 95% of its synthesis, in humans, is formed from the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into the skin in colecalciferol, during exposure to solar ultraviolet B rays; although it is also obtained through diet with natural foods, fortified foods or pharmacological supplements. Its fundamental role is recognized to maintain homeostasis and serum calcium and phosphorus levels, as well as the effect on bone metabolism and balance.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in pregnant women in Quindío.
Material and methods: Descriptive and prospective cross- sectional study of consecutive sampling in two care centers in the city of Armenia, between May 2014 and August 2017. The study population included 576 pregnant women aged 18 years and over, of which 504 were left for the final analysis; excluded those with communication impairment, those diagnosed with malnutrition or suffering from chronic disease prior to pregnancy, twin pregnancy, use of glucocorticoids or anticonvulsant medications, those who did not have ultrasound of the first trimester and those who did not want to participate.
Results: The average age was 24.8 ± 15.9 years, with a range between 18 and 45 years. The median gestational age was 27 weeks, range between 9 and 42 weeks. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the studied group was present in 32.14% (n = 162) women, with insufficiency (20-29.9 ng / ml) being the most prevalent with 23.41% (n = 118), while the deficiency (<20 ng / ml) reported 8.73% (n = 44). In the first trimester, a prevalence of 23.45 (n = 38) was observed, in the second trimester 35.18 (n = 57), and in the third trimester 41.35 (n = 67). The following were found as risk factors for the deficit: excessive use of sunscreens (OR = 5.7, 95% CI: 2.91-9.84); the presence of low concentration of Vitamin D in the food consumed (OR = 3.14,95% CI: 1.79-6.43) and inadequate exposure to sunlight (OR =4.81, 95% CI: 2, 92-7.65); overweight and obesity (OR = 3.76,95% CI: 1.89-6.54).
Conclusion: In the pregnant women of Quindío, there is a prevalence of vitamin D deficit close to the ? part, characterized mainly by insufficiency of 25 (OH) D3; which could have negative repercussions on maternal and fetal health. Prompt and timely interventions are required to establish an immediate diagnostic and therapeutic plan.
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