Abstract
Introducción: El hiperaldosteronismo primario es la causa más frecuente de hipertensión de origen endocrino. Presentamos una insuficiencia de mineralocorticoides como complicación posterior a adrenalectomía unilateral.
Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 51 años, con historia de larga data de hipertensión resistente, hospitalizaciones por hipopotasemia y enfermedad renal crónica hipertensiva. Se confirmó hiperaldosteronismo primario con valores altos de aldosterona e indetectables de renina. La TAC de adrenales mostró un adenoma derecho de 23 mm. Dado el cuadro clínico severo y valores bioquímicos, se llevó directamente a adrenalectomía derecha. Posterior al procedimiento retiran todos los antihipertensivos; sin embargo, la paciente presenta hipotensión, deterioro de la función renal e hiperpotasiemia con valores de aldosterona y renina inapropiadamente normales. Se inició manejo con hidratación y fludrocortisona, presentando adecuada respuesta con normotensión, potasio y azoados normales.
Discusión: La insuficiencia de mineralocorticoides es una complicación poco conocida, aunque frecuente posterior adrenalectomía por hiperaldosteronismo, cursa con hiperpotasiemia, hipotensión y deshidratación. Son factores de riesgo un hiperaldosteronismo severo, de larga data y falla renal. Requiere manejo con fludrocortisona, usualmente de manera transitoria durante semanas a meses.
Conclusión: Se deben vigilar signos de hipoaldosteronismo posterior a la adrenalectomía por hiperaldosteronismo primario, dado que hasta un tercio de pacientes puede presentar insuficiencia de mineralocorticoides.
Abstract
Introduction: Primary hyperaldosteronism is the most frequent endocrine cause of hypertension. We present the case of a patient with mineralocorticoid insufficiency secondary to unilateral adrenalectomy.
Case report: 51 year-old female with a long-standing history of resistant hypertension, multiple admissions due to hypokalemia and chronic kidney disease secondary to hypertension. High aldosterone levels and undetectable renin levels confirmed the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Adrenal CT scan showed a 23-mm right adrenal adenoma. Given the severe presentation and confirmatory laboratory results, the patient underwent right adrenalectomy. After the surgical intervention, all antihypertensive medications were withdrawn, but later on, the patient presented hypotension, acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia with inappropriately normal aldosterone and renin levels. Intravenous fluids and fludrocortisone were started with adequate response given by normal blood pressure, normal potassium levels and normal kidney function.
Discussion: Mineralocorticoid insufficiency is not a very well-known, although frequent, complication of adrenalectomy secondary to hyperaldosteronism. Patients present with hyperkalemia, hypotension and dehydration. Risk factors for developing mineralocorticoid insufficiency include severe hyperaldosteronism, long-standing hyperaldosteronism and kidney failure. Its management requires the transient use of fludrocortisone for weeks to months.
Conclusion: Signs of aldosterone insufficiency must be followed after adrenalectomy secondary to primary hyperaldostornism, given that up to one third of patients may present with mineralocorticoid insufficiency.
References
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