Keywords
Obesidad
Epigenética
Tejido adiposo
Expresión genética
Epigenética
Tejido adiposo
Expresión genética
How to Cite
Abondano, J., & Lizcano, F. (2017). Epigenética en el origen de la obesidad: perspectiva desde la célula grasa. Revista Colombiana De Endocrinología, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolismo, 4(4), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.53853/encr.4.4.149
Abstract
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles son las entidades que tienen mayor repercusión en el sector salud a nivel global. Quizá una de las circunstancias que más se encuentra relacionada con el aumento progresivo en muchas de estas entidades es la obesidad. Las causas y posibles planes terapéuticos para la obesidad son complejos, por tal motivo deben ser enfocados desde diferentes tejidos en el organismo. Uno de estos enfoques sería la regulación del centro del hambre y la saciedad a nivel central, especialmente en el hipotálamo, otro es la forma como el individuo gasta su energía en las células musculares y un aspecto adicional es la forma en que las células adiposas almacenan y ahorran energía. En los últimos años se ha observado que los individuos adultos cuentan con diferentes tipos de células adiposas con origen germinal divergente. La presencia de estas células adiposas puede tener una variación fenotípica y en determinadas circunstancias podría presentar una función más termogénica de acuerdo con diferentes circunstancias ambientales. La influencia del ambiente se realiza mediante la modificación de genes específicos, que pueden determinar una variación funcional del hipotálamo, el músculo y el tejido adiposo. Estas modificaciones son denominadas epigenéticas, dado que no influyen sobre la estructura del ADN, pero cambian completamente su funcionalidad. En el presente trabajo hemos realizado un estudio de las circunstancias a través de las cuales el ambiente puede tener influencia en la aparición de la obesidad. Se ha realizado una búsqueda mediante las bases de datos de Pubmed, Evidencia Based Medicine, Science direct, Ovid, EBSCO, Proquest, Springer, desde enero del año 2012 hasta marzo del año 2017, buscando como palabras clave, obesidad, adipocito y los términos epigenética y ambiente.
References
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11. Reddy MA, Natarajan R. Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascular complications. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;90(3):421-9.
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15. Cedar H, Bergman Y. Linking DNA methylation and histone modification: patterns and paradigms. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10(5):295-304.
16. Hammond SM. Dicing and slicing: the core machinery of the RNA interference pathway. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(26):5822-9.
17. Humphreys DT, Westman BJ, Martin DI, Preiss T. MicroRNAs control translation initiation by inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 4E/cap and poly(A) tail function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(47):16961-6.
18. Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R. Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci. 2013;9(2):191-200.
19. Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, et al. Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. J Immunol. 2010;185(3):1836-45.
20. Lizcano F, Vargas D. Biology of Beige Adipocyte and Possible Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Endocrinol. 2016;2016:9542061.
21. Vargas D, Shimokawa N, Kaneko R, Rosales W, Parra A, Castellanos A, Koibuchi N, Lizcano F. Regulation of Human subcuataneous adipocyte differentiation by EID1. J Mol Endocrinol. 2016;56:113-22..
22. Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Guertin DA. Adipocytes arise from multiple lineages that are heterogeneously and dynamically distributed. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4099.
23. Langin D. Recruitment of brown fat and conversion of white into brown adipocytes: strategies to fight the metabolic complications of obesity? Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2010;1801(3):372-6.
24. Trayhurn P, Beattie JH. Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ. Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60(3):329-39.
25. Willson TM, Brown PJ, Sternbach DD, Henke BR. The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2000;43(4):527-50.
26. Shinoda K, Luijten IH, Hasegawa Y, Hong H, Sonne SB, Kim M, et al. Genetic and functional characterization of clonally derived adult human brown adipocytes. Nat Med. 2015;21(4):389-94.
27. Sidossis L, Kajimura S. Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(2):478-86.
28. Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, Kajimura S, Chin S, Kuang S, et al. PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch. Nature. 2008;454(7207):961-7.
29. Enerback S. The origins of brown adipose tissue. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):2021-3.
30. Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1509-17.
31. Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, Niemi T, et al. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(15):1518-25.
32. Wu J, Bostrom P, Sparks LM, Ye L, Choi JH, Giang AH, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012;150(2):366-76.
33. Long JZ, Svensson KJ, Tsai L, Zeng X, Roh HC, Kong X, et al. A smooth muscle- like origin for beige adipocytes. Cell Metab. 2014;19(5):810-20.
34. Lee YH, Petkova AP, Mottillo EP, Granneman JG. In vivo identification of bipotential adipocyte progenitors recruited by beta3-adrenoceptor activation and high-fat feeding. Cell Metab. 2012;15(4):480-91.
35. Rosenwald M, Perdikari A, Rulicke T, Wolfrum C. Bi-directional interconversion of brite and white adipocytes. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15(6):659-67.
36. Hondares E, Mora O, Yubero P, Rodriguez de la Concepcion M, Iglesias R, Giralt M, et al. Thiazolidinediones and rexinoids induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator (PGC)-1alpha gene transcription: an autoregulatory loop controls PGC-1alpha expression in adipocytes via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivation. Endocrinology. 2006;147(6):2829-38.
37. Qiang L, Wang L, Kon N, Zhao W, Lee S, Zhang Y, et al. Brown remodeling of white adipose tissue by SirT1-dependent deacetylation of Ppargamma. Cell. 2012;150(3):620-32.
38. Kajimura S, Spiegelman BM, Seale P. Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation. Cell Metab. 2015;22(4):546-59.
39. Herrera BM, Keildson S, Lindgren CM. Genetics and epigenetics of obesity. Maturitas. 2011;69(1):41-9.
40. Barres R, Zierath JR. DNA methylation in metabolic disorders. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(4):897S-900.
41. Kuroda A, Rauch TA, Todorov I, Ku HT, Al-Abdullah IH, Kandeel F, et al. Insulin gene expression is regulated by DNA methylation. PLoS One. 2009;4(9):e6953.
42. Fujiki K, Kano F, Shiota K, Murata M. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene is repressed by DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue of mouse models of diabetes. BMC Biol. 2009;7:38.
43. Kasinska MA, Drzewoski J, Sliwinska A. Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue - relation to obesity and diabetes. Arch Med Sci. 2016;12(6):1293- 301.
44. Malodobra-Mazur M, Dziewulska A, Kozinski K, Dobrzyn P, Kolczynska K, Janikiewicz J, et al. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates inflammatory gene expression by changing DNA methylation level in 3T3 adipocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014;55:40-50.
45. Bouchard L, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Faraj M, Lavoie ME, Mill J, Perusse L, et al. Differential epigenomic and transcriptomic responses in subcutaneous adipose tissue between low and high responders to caloric restriction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(2):309-20.
46. Cordero P, Campion J, Milagro FI, Goyenechea E, Steemburgo T, Javierre BM, et al. Leptin and TNF-alpha promoter methylation levels measured by MSP could predict the response to a low-calorie diet. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(3):463-70.
47. Dick KJ, Nelson CP, Tsaprouni L, Sandling JK, Aissi D, Wahl S, et al. DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis. Lancet. 2014;383(9933):1990-8.
48. Feinberg AP, Irizarry RA, Fradin D, Aryee MJ, Murakami P, Aspelund T, et al. Personalized epigenomic signatures that are stable over time and covary with body mass index. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(49):49ra67.
49. Tateishi K, Okada Y, Kallin EM, Zhang Y. Role of Jhdm2a in regulating metabolic gene expression and obesity resistance. Nature. 2009;458(7239):757- 61.
50. Lizcano F, Romero C, Vargas D. Regulation of adipogenesis by nuclear receptor PPARgamma is modulated by the histone demethylase JMJD2C. Genet Mol Biol. 2011;34(1):19-24.
51. Abu-Farha M, Tiss A, Abubaker J, Khadir A, Al-Ghimlas F, Al-Khairi I, et al. Proteomics analysis of human obesity reveals the epigenetic factor HDAC4 as a potential target for obesity. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75342.
52. Dalgaard K, Landgraf K, Heyne S, Lempradl A, Longinotto J, Gossens K, et al. Trim28 Haploinsufficiency Triggers Bi-stable Epigenetic Obesity. Cell. 2016;164(3):353-64.
53. Ferland-McCollough D, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Cannell IG, David H, Warner M, Vaag AA, et al. Programming of adipose tissue miR-483-3p and GDF-3 expression by maternal diet in type 2 diabetes. Cell Death Differ. 2012;19(6):1003-12.
54. Esau C, Kang X, Peralta E, Hanson E, Marcusson EG, Ravichandran LV, et al. MicroRNA-143 regulates adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(50):52361-5.
2. Kelly T, Yang W, Chen CS, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(9):1431-7.
3. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2011-2014. NCHS Data Brief. 2015(219):1-8.
4. Gregg EW, Shaw JE. Global Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity. N Engl
J Med. 2017.
5. Urbina EM, Gidding SS, Bao W, Elkasabany A, Berenson GS. Association of fasting blood sugar level, insulin level, and obesity with left ventricular mass in healthy children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am Heart J. 1999;138(1 Pt 1):122-7.
6. Farooqi S, O’Rahilly S. Genetics of obesity in humans. Endocr Rev. 2006;27(7):710-18.
7. Fall T, Mendelson M, Speliotes EK. Recent Advances in Human Genetics and Epigenetics of Adiposity: Pathway to Precision Medicine? Gastroenterology. 2017;152(7):1695-706.
8. Nan C, Guo B, Warner C, Fowler T, Barrett T, Boomsma D, et al. Heritability of body mass index in pre-adolescence, young adulthood and late adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27(4):247-53.
9. Waddington CH. The epigenotype. 1942. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(1):10-3.
10. Bird A. Perceptions of epigenetics. Nature. 2007;447(7143):396-8.
11. Reddy MA, Natarajan R. Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascular complications. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;90(3):421-9.
12. Campion J, Milagro F, Martinez JA. Epigenetics and obesity. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2010;94:291-347.
13. Miranda TB, Jones PA. DNA methylation: the nuts and bolts of repression. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213(2):384-90.
14. Egger G, Liang G, Aparicio A, Jones PA. Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Nature. 2004;429(6990):457-63.
15. Cedar H, Bergman Y. Linking DNA methylation and histone modification: patterns and paradigms. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10(5):295-304.
16. Hammond SM. Dicing and slicing: the core machinery of the RNA interference pathway. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(26):5822-9.
17. Humphreys DT, Westman BJ, Martin DI, Preiss T. MicroRNAs control translation initiation by inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 4E/cap and poly(A) tail function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(47):16961-6.
18. Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R. Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci. 2013;9(2):191-200.
19. Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, et al. Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. J Immunol. 2010;185(3):1836-45.
20. Lizcano F, Vargas D. Biology of Beige Adipocyte and Possible Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Endocrinol. 2016;2016:9542061.
21. Vargas D, Shimokawa N, Kaneko R, Rosales W, Parra A, Castellanos A, Koibuchi N, Lizcano F. Regulation of Human subcuataneous adipocyte differentiation by EID1. J Mol Endocrinol. 2016;56:113-22..
22. Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Guertin DA. Adipocytes arise from multiple lineages that are heterogeneously and dynamically distributed. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4099.
23. Langin D. Recruitment of brown fat and conversion of white into brown adipocytes: strategies to fight the metabolic complications of obesity? Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2010;1801(3):372-6.
24. Trayhurn P, Beattie JH. Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ. Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60(3):329-39.
25. Willson TM, Brown PJ, Sternbach DD, Henke BR. The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2000;43(4):527-50.
26. Shinoda K, Luijten IH, Hasegawa Y, Hong H, Sonne SB, Kim M, et al. Genetic and functional characterization of clonally derived adult human brown adipocytes. Nat Med. 2015;21(4):389-94.
27. Sidossis L, Kajimura S. Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(2):478-86.
28. Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, Kajimura S, Chin S, Kuang S, et al. PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch. Nature. 2008;454(7207):961-7.
29. Enerback S. The origins of brown adipose tissue. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):2021-3.
30. Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1509-17.
31. Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, Niemi T, et al. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(15):1518-25.
32. Wu J, Bostrom P, Sparks LM, Ye L, Choi JH, Giang AH, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012;150(2):366-76.
33. Long JZ, Svensson KJ, Tsai L, Zeng X, Roh HC, Kong X, et al. A smooth muscle- like origin for beige adipocytes. Cell Metab. 2014;19(5):810-20.
34. Lee YH, Petkova AP, Mottillo EP, Granneman JG. In vivo identification of bipotential adipocyte progenitors recruited by beta3-adrenoceptor activation and high-fat feeding. Cell Metab. 2012;15(4):480-91.
35. Rosenwald M, Perdikari A, Rulicke T, Wolfrum C. Bi-directional interconversion of brite and white adipocytes. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15(6):659-67.
36. Hondares E, Mora O, Yubero P, Rodriguez de la Concepcion M, Iglesias R, Giralt M, et al. Thiazolidinediones and rexinoids induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator (PGC)-1alpha gene transcription: an autoregulatory loop controls PGC-1alpha expression in adipocytes via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivation. Endocrinology. 2006;147(6):2829-38.
37. Qiang L, Wang L, Kon N, Zhao W, Lee S, Zhang Y, et al. Brown remodeling of white adipose tissue by SirT1-dependent deacetylation of Ppargamma. Cell. 2012;150(3):620-32.
38. Kajimura S, Spiegelman BM, Seale P. Brown and Beige Fat: Physiological Roles beyond Heat Generation. Cell Metab. 2015;22(4):546-59.
39. Herrera BM, Keildson S, Lindgren CM. Genetics and epigenetics of obesity. Maturitas. 2011;69(1):41-9.
40. Barres R, Zierath JR. DNA methylation in metabolic disorders. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(4):897S-900.
41. Kuroda A, Rauch TA, Todorov I, Ku HT, Al-Abdullah IH, Kandeel F, et al. Insulin gene expression is regulated by DNA methylation. PLoS One. 2009;4(9):e6953.
42. Fujiki K, Kano F, Shiota K, Murata M. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene is repressed by DNA methylation in visceral adipose tissue of mouse models of diabetes. BMC Biol. 2009;7:38.
43. Kasinska MA, Drzewoski J, Sliwinska A. Epigenetic modifications in adipose tissue - relation to obesity and diabetes. Arch Med Sci. 2016;12(6):1293- 301.
44. Malodobra-Mazur M, Dziewulska A, Kozinski K, Dobrzyn P, Kolczynska K, Janikiewicz J, et al. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates inflammatory gene expression by changing DNA methylation level in 3T3 adipocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014;55:40-50.
45. Bouchard L, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Faraj M, Lavoie ME, Mill J, Perusse L, et al. Differential epigenomic and transcriptomic responses in subcutaneous adipose tissue between low and high responders to caloric restriction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(2):309-20.
46. Cordero P, Campion J, Milagro FI, Goyenechea E, Steemburgo T, Javierre BM, et al. Leptin and TNF-alpha promoter methylation levels measured by MSP could predict the response to a low-calorie diet. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(3):463-70.
47. Dick KJ, Nelson CP, Tsaprouni L, Sandling JK, Aissi D, Wahl S, et al. DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis. Lancet. 2014;383(9933):1990-8.
48. Feinberg AP, Irizarry RA, Fradin D, Aryee MJ, Murakami P, Aspelund T, et al. Personalized epigenomic signatures that are stable over time and covary with body mass index. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(49):49ra67.
49. Tateishi K, Okada Y, Kallin EM, Zhang Y. Role of Jhdm2a in regulating metabolic gene expression and obesity resistance. Nature. 2009;458(7239):757- 61.
50. Lizcano F, Romero C, Vargas D. Regulation of adipogenesis by nuclear receptor PPARgamma is modulated by the histone demethylase JMJD2C. Genet Mol Biol. 2011;34(1):19-24.
51. Abu-Farha M, Tiss A, Abubaker J, Khadir A, Al-Ghimlas F, Al-Khairi I, et al. Proteomics analysis of human obesity reveals the epigenetic factor HDAC4 as a potential target for obesity. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75342.
52. Dalgaard K, Landgraf K, Heyne S, Lempradl A, Longinotto J, Gossens K, et al. Trim28 Haploinsufficiency Triggers Bi-stable Epigenetic Obesity. Cell. 2016;164(3):353-64.
53. Ferland-McCollough D, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Cannell IG, David H, Warner M, Vaag AA, et al. Programming of adipose tissue miR-483-3p and GDF-3 expression by maternal diet in type 2 diabetes. Cell Death Differ. 2012;19(6):1003-12.
54. Esau C, Kang X, Peralta E, Hanson E, Marcusson EG, Ravichandran LV, et al. MicroRNA-143 regulates adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(50):52361-5.
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