Keywords
Diabetic foot
How to Cite
Abstract
Introducción: Las úlceras del pie son frecuentes en las personas con diabetes. Conocer los factores del comportamiento, y su relación con los factores biológicos y del ambiente puede favorecer el entendimiento de esta patología y sentar las bases para su intervención.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para determinar los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de úlceras en pacientes diabéticos. Los participantes fueron personas que asisten a una institución hospitalaria de nivel II y a una institución de nivel III de la ciudad de Cali. Los casos fueron pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados con diagnóstico de úlcera de miembros inferiores con o sin sobreinfección, y los controles pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de diabetes pero sin úlceras.
Resultados: Se encontró en el análisis por regresión logística múltiple que hubo factores biológicos asociados a úlcera de miembros inferiores como la neuropatía periférica (OR: 3,95; IC: 2,01 – 7,71) y la presencia de dolor o calambres en las piernas (OR: 2,31; IC: 1,05 – 5,09), factores del comportamiento como no revisar nunca o revisar los pies una vez al mes (OR 2,78; IC: 1,16 -6,64) y factores del contexto social que fueron protectores como ir al parque a caminar o hacer ejercicio (OR 0,76; IC: 0,56- 1,04) y participar con frecuencia como voluntario en organizaciones locales como juntas de acción comunal, juntas de acción local (OR 0,68; IC: 0,44 – 1,07).
Discusión: El desarrollo de úlceras en los miembros inferiores tiene una base clínica ampliamente conocida, pero además se asocia a factores del comportamiento y del contexto social que implican autocuidado, adherencia, y dentro del modelo de creencias en salud claves para la acción y beneficios percibidos indirectos que deben evaluarse integralmente para impactar en la prevalencia y las complicaciones de esta patología.
Summary
Introduction: Foot ulcers are common in people with diabetes. Knowing behavioral factors and their relationship with biological and environmental factors can foster understanding of this disease, and set the stage for its intervention.
Methods: A study of cases and controls was conducted in order to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of ulcers in diabetic patients. Participants were people attending a Level 2 hospital and a Level 3 institution in the city of Cali. The cases were hospitalized diabetic patients diagnosed with lower limb ulcer with or without superinfection, and controls of hospitalized patients diagnosed with diabetes but without ulcers.
Results: In the analysis, it was found that biological factors were associated with lower limb ulcers and peripheral neuropathy by multiple logistic regression (OR: 3.95; IC: 2.01 – 7.71) and the presence of pain or cramps in the legs (OR: 2.31; IC: 1.05 –5.09), behavioral factors such as never checking or checking the feet once a month (OR 2.78; IC: 1.16 -6.64) and social context factors which were protective such as going to the park to walk or exercise (OR 0.76; IC: 0.56- 1.04) and frequently participate as a volunteer in local organizations such as communal action boards, local action boards (OR 0.68; IC: 0.44 – 1.07).
Discussion: The development of ulcer in the lower limbs has a well-known clinical basis, but also, it is associated with behavioral and social context factors which involve self-care, adherence, and within the model of key health beliefs for action and indirect benefits received that must be fully evaluated to decrease the prevalence and complications of this disease.
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