Keywords
aging
sarcopenia
osteoporosis
seniors
How to Cite
Abstract
Context: Osteosarcopenia is a new geriatric syndrome with serious consequences in the elderly. Its relationship with the risk of falls, fractures, functional dependence and mortality has been described. It is defined as the coexistence of low bone mineral mass or osteoporosis and sarcopenia. For several years these clinical conditions in the elderly have been diagnosed and treated separately, however, it is clear that the best results are evidenced by carrying out a diagnosis and intervention together. In Colombia there is no scientific information that studies or describes this phenotype in our older adult population
Objective: the main objective of this review is to describe the phenotype called osteosarcopenia, the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors and the clinical implications of this entity in the elderly population, as well as to describe what is currently known about its diagnosis, treatment and interventions.
Methodology: a non-systematic search of the literature on osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteopenia and sarcopenia was carried out, including literature on epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis.
Results: the evidence on osteosarcopenia is scarce, however, there is a growing literature on the topic of interest, as well as the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia separately. They manage to gather the most important concepts of today.
Conclusion: Despite the impact that this condition has on patients and the health system, the search for and simultaneous and systemic intervention of osteoporosis/osteopenia associated with sarcopenia is still in progress.
References
Hirschfeld HP, Kinsella R, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: where bone, muscle, and fat collide. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(10):2781-2790. doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4151-8
Medina Orjuela A, Rosero Olarte Ó, Nel Rueda Plata P, et al. Second Colombian Consensus on the Management of Post-menopausal Osteoporosis: 2017 Update. Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2018;25(3):184-210. doi:10.1016/j.rcreu.2018.02.006
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169
Hassan EB, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: A new geriatric syndrome. Aust Fam Physician. 2017;46(11):849-853. Accessed August 25, 2019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29101922
Cedeno-Veloz B, López-Dóriga Bonnardeauxa P, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: una revisión narrativa. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2019;54(2):103-108. doi:10.1016/j.regg.2018.09.010
Hughes VA, Frontera WR, Roubenoff R, Evans WJ, Singh MAF. Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(2):473-481. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.2.473
Zanker J, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: the Path Beyond Controversy. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020;18(2):81-84. doi:10.1007/s11914-020-00567-6
Paintin J. Osteosarcopenia. Eur PMC Funders Gr. 2018;79(5):253-258.
Di Monaco M, Vallero F, Di Monaco R, Tappero R. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with osteoporosis in 313 older women following a hip fracture. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(1):71-74. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.02.002
Cadena M, Sánchez J, Castrillon MP, et al. Correlation of the SARC-F questionnaire with muscle mass in Colombian elderly with osteosarcopenia. J Lat Am Geriatr Med. 2021;7(1):1-7.
Samper-Ternent R, Reyes-Ortiz C, Ottenbacher KJ, Cano CA. Frailty and sarcopenia in Bogotá: results from the SABE Bogotá Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(2):265-272. doi:10.1007/s40520-016-0561-2
Runzer-Colmenares FM, Samper-Ternent R, Al Snih S, Ottenbacher KJ, Parodi JF, Wong R. Prevalence and factors associated with frailty among Peruvian older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;58(1):69-73. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2013.07.005
Ottenbacher KJ, Graham JE, Al Snih S, et al. Mexican Americans and frailty: findings from the Hispanic established populations epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(4):673-679. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143958
Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y, Arnal J-F, et al. Quality of Life in Sarcopenia and Frailty. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013;93(2):101-120. doi:10.1007/s00223-013-9758-y
Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergård M, et al. Osteoporosis in the European Union: Medical management, epidemiology and economic burden: A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8(1-2). doi:10.1007/s11657-013-0136-1
Walrand S, Guillet C, Salles J, Cano N, Boirie Y. Physiopathological mechanism of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011;27(3):365-385. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.005
Clynes MA, Gregson CL, Bruyère O, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Osteosarcopenia: Where osteoporosis and sarcopenia collide. Rheumatol (United Kingdom). 2021;60(2):529-537. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa755
Isaacson J, Brotto M. Physiology of mechanotransduction: How do muscle and bone “talk” to one another? Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 2014;12(2):77-85. doi:10.1007/s12018-013-9152-3
Frost HM. Bone’s mechanostat: A 2003 update. Anat Rec. 2003;275A(2):1081-1101. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10119
Girgis CM, Mokbel N, DiGirolamo DJ. Therapies for musculoskeletal disease: Can we treat two birds with one stone? Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12(2):142-153. doi:10.1007/s11914-014-0204-5
Schoenau E, Fricke O. Interaction between muscle and bone. Horm Res. 2007;66(SUPPL. 1):73-78. doi:10.1159/000096626
Nieuwenhuizen WF, Weenen H, Rigby P, Hetherington MM. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: Review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(2):160-169. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.09.003
Marty E, Liu Y, Samuel A, Or O, Lane J. A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone. 2017;105:276-286. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.008
Lamb SE, Keene DJ. Measuring physical capacity and performance in older people. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017;31(2):243-254. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2017.11.008
Treacy D, Hassett L. The Short Physical Performance Battery. J Physiother. 2018;64(1):61. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2017.04.002
Wang YJ, Wang Y, Zhan JK, et al. Sarco-osteoporosis: Prevalence and association with frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015. doi:10.1155/2015/482940
Huo YR, Suriyaarachchi P, Gomez F, et al. Phenotype of Osteosarcopenia in Older Individuals With a History of Falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(4):290-295. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.018
Martínez-Calvache V, Herrera-Peña Á, Carrera-Gil F. Sarcopenia y fragilidad en pacientes hospitalizados en salas de medicina interna. Acta Médica Colomb. 2020;2050(1):1-9. doi:10.36104/amc.2020.1242
Vos T, Flaxman A, Naghavi M. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2163-2196. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2.Years
Braithwaite RS, Col NF, Wong JB. Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(3):364-370. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51110.x
Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergård M, et al. Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8(1-2):136. doi:10.1007/s11657-013-0136-1
Kanis JA, McCloskey E V, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int a J Establ as result Coop between Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA. 2013;24(1):23-57. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y
Lippuner K, von Overbeck J, Perrelet R, Bosshard H, Jaeger P. Incidence and direct medical costs of hospitalizations due to osteoporotic fractures in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int a J Establ as result Coop between Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA. 1997;7(5):414-425. doi:10.1007/pl00004149
G J, G EA, T A, et al. Costos de las Fracturas en mujeres con Osteoporosis en Colombia. Acta Médica Colomb. Published online 2014:1-11. doi:10.36104/amc.2014.89
Bruyère O, Beaudart C, Ethgen O, Reginster JY, Locquet M. The health economics burden of sarcopenia: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2019;119(November 2018):61-69. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.003
Bosaeus I, Rothenberg E. Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc. 2016;75(2):174-180. doi:10.1017/S002966511500422X
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Harding AT, Horan SA, Beck BR. High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(2):211-220. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3284
Nascimento CM, Ingles M, Salvador-Pascual A, Cominetti MR, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;132(August 2018):42-49. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.035
Mastaglia S, Mautalen C. Sarcopenia: Enfoque clínico. Actual osteol. 2014;10(2):2955-2959.
Martyn-St James M, Carroll S. Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2008;43(3):521-531. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.012
Dhaliwal R, Aloia JF. Effect of Vitamin D on Falls and Physical Performance. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):919-933. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.004
Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):10-47. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024
A. Catharine Ross, Christine L. Taylor, Ann L. Yaktine, and Heather B. Del Valle E. DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Calcium Vitamin D. Vol 356.; 2018. doi:10.1016/j.crma.2018.11.003
Fatima M, Brennan-Olsen SL, Duque G. Therapeutic approaches to osteosarcopenia: insights for the clinician. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2019;11:1759720X1986700. doi:10.1177/1759720X19867009
Morley JE. Treatment of sarcopenia: The road to the future. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(7):1196-1199. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12386
Klein GL. Pharmacologic Treatments to Preserve Bone and Muscle Mass in Osteosarcopenia. Published online 2020.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo