Palabras clave
ángulo de fase
índice de masa corporal
clasificación de la obesidad
impedancia bioeléctrica
masa muscular
masa grasa
antropometría
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: el índice de masa corporal (IMC) sigue siendo la herramienta principal para la clasificación de la obesidad a pesar de sus limitaciones para evaluar la composición corporal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre diferentes parámetros de composición corporal y comparar los sistemas de clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES).
Métodos: en este estudio transversal de 3,255 pacientes (74.3 % mujeres) de un centro de obesidad y metabolismo en Colombia, analizamos la composición corporal utilizando análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica. Evaluamos la concordancia entre las clasificaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES), y examinamos las correlaciones entre los parámetros de composición corporal, con un enfoque particular en el ángulo de fase (PhA) como predictor de la masa muscular.
Resultados: mientras que el índice de masa corporal mostró una fuerte correlación con la masa grasa corporal (? = 0.929, p < 0.001), predijo pobremente la masa muscular. Las clasificaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES) mostraron una concordancia general justa (? = 0.39), con mejor concordancia en mujeres (? = 0.43) que en hombres (? = 0.28). Los análisis de regresión múltiple revelaron el PhA como un fuerte predictor de la masa muscular (? = 1.032, p < 0.0001, R² = 0.332), pero no de la masa grasa (p = 0.525, R² = 0.055).
Conclusiones: aunque el índice de masa corporal predice adecuadamente la adiposidad, no es eficaz en la evaluación de la masa muscular. El ángulo de fase emerge como un predictor prometedor de la masa muscular, independiente de la edad y el sexo, sugiriendo su utilidad potencial en la evaluación clínica de la composición corporal.
Citas
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