Palabras clave
terapia de remplazo hormonal
rendimiento deportivo
ejercicio físico
estrógenos
testosterona
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el debate sobre la participación de atletas transgénero en competiciones deportivas ha generado un creciente interés en el impacto de la terapia hormonal de afirmación de género (THAG) en el rendimiento deportivo.
Objetivo: presentar la información actual sobre los efectos de la THAG en el rendimiento deportivo de la población trans.
Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus y Scielo, utilizando términos DeCS.
Resultados: una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica indicó que la terapia hormonal afirmativa de género provoca cambios hormonales y fisiológicos que pueden influir en diversos aspectos del rendimiento, como la fuerza muscular, la resistencia y la composición corporal; sin embargo, los efectos son heterogéneos y dependen de múltiples factores, incluyendo el sexo asignado al nacer, el tipo de deporte, la duración de la terapia hormonal y las características individuales de cada atleta.
Conclusiones: el impacto de la terapia hormonal en el rendimiento deportivo de las personas transgénero es un tema complejo y en constante evolución. La evidencia científica disponible aún es escasa y limitada, además que presenta limitaciones metodológicas. En este contexto, es fundamental desarrollar políticas deportivas basadas en evidencia científica sólida que garanticen la equidad y la inclusión de todos los atletas, sin discriminación.
Citas
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