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La vitamina D es una hormona esteroide encargada de regular el metabolismo del calcio y el fósforo. La síntesis cutánea de vitamina D3 requiere de la exposición a la luz UVB, con una longitud de onda de 290-315 nm. Fisiológicamente se espera que los seres humanos generen más del 80?% de sus necesidades de vitamina D, a través de los rayos ultravioleta del sol, ya que su ingesta dietética es mínima.
En las últimas décadas se han producido importantes cambios de comportamiento y cada vez más personas trabajan en interiores y evitan el sol. En consecuencia, la deficiencia de vitamina D clínicamente relevante se ha convertido en una pandemia mundial que aumenta la carga de enfermedades agudas y crónicas, y los costos de atención médica, por lo que se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública mundial en todos los grupos de edad. Se estima que mil millones de personas en todo el mundo tienen deficiencia o insuficiencia de vitamina D. Además, la deficiencia de vitamina D es la causa más común de raquitismo y osteomalacia, y puede exacerbar la osteoporosis. También se asocia con dolor musculoesquelético crónico, debilidad muscular y un mayor riesgo de caídas.
Citas
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