Keywords
Risk factors
Diabetic foot
Prevalence
Amputation
Neuropathy
Vasculopathy
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease whose poor metabolic control can lead to severe complications, such as diabetic foot, which represents one of the main causes of morbidity, disability, and lower-limb amputations among these patients.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetic foot lesions in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus treated at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital (HUEM, by its Spanish acronym) during 2020.
Methodology: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted using a database of 527 patients diagnosed with DM who were treated at HUEM during 2020. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle-related variables were analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus at HUEM was 0.052%. Significant differences were observed in clinical and sociodemographic variables between patients who underwent amputation and those who did not. A significant association was found between amputation and neuropathy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 23.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.22–85.39), vasculopathy (aOR = 12.98; 95% CI = 2.68–62.85), and retinopathy (aOR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.15–5.80). In contrast, the presence of ulcers did not show a significant association with amputation (aOR: = 0.56; p = 0.43).
Conclusions: Neuropathy and vasculopathy are key predictors of lower-limb amputation in patients with diabetic foot. These findings highlight the need for public health policies tailored to the regional context to improve care and reduce the incidence of amputations among patients with diabetes.
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