Palabras clave
hipopituitarismo
trauma craneoencefálico
disfunción cognitiva
hormona del crecimiento
insuficiencia adrenal
depresión
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) es un problema de salud pública con secuelas neurológicas y cognitivas severas que pueden asociarse a disfunción endocrina hipofisiaria. El compromiso hipofisiario aumenta su morbimortalidad y según el eje hormonal afectado se presentan repercusiones cognitivas y neuroconductuales variables que afectan el proceso de rehabilitación y el reintegro a la vida social de los sobrevivientes.
Objetivo: realizar una revisión exploratoria de la literatura sobre la relación que existe entre las alteraciones hormonales hipofisiarias y las alteraciones neurocognitivas posteriores al trauma craneoencefálico.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura para dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿cuáles alteraciones neurocognitivas se asocian a disfunción hipofisiaria después de un trauma craneoencefálico? Se usaron los descriptores: hipófisis, hipopituitarismo, trauma craneoencefálico, disfunción cognitiva en las bases de datos PubMed® y Scopus; además, se planteó la misma pregunta por cada uno de los ejes hipofisiarios.
Resultados: se encontraron un total de 48 artículos en las bases de datos descritas principalmente documentos de tipo descriptivo.
Conclusión: la incidencia de alteraciones hormonales hipofisiarias después de un trauma craneoencefálico son frecuentes y existe una posible relación con cambios cognitivos posteriores, por ello deben sospecharse y estudiarse. Siempre se debe interrogar sobre el diagnóstico de una disfunción hipofisiaria a los pacientes con TCE y alteraciones neurocognitivas.
Citas
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