Palabras clave
Resistencia a la Insulina
Obesidad
Ejercicio Físico
Glucemia
Músculo Esquelético
Mitocondrias
Tejido Adiposo
Insulina
Metabolismo
Citocinas
Entrenamiento de Fuerza
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: en la actualidad, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) constituye una enfermedad de alta prevalencia en el mundo, se caracteriza por una incapacidad para regular la glucosa plasmática e implica para su desarrollo varias fases, las cuales incluyen la resistencia a la insulina y la disfunción de las células beta pancreáticas.
Los mecanismos biológicos que llevan al desarrollo de la enfermedad implican alteraciones intracelulares en órganos como el músculo esquelético, secundarios a lipotoxicidad y glucotoxicidad, los cuales favorecen el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina, adicionalmente, la presencia de estas mismas alteraciones en células beta, que da como resultado la reducción en la producción de insulina.
Objetivo: comprender los mecanismos biológicos de cómo el ejercicio influye tanto en la prevención como manejo de la DMT2.
Metodología: se revisaron artículos en bases de datos electrónicas (últimos diez años) y textos guías de Endocrinología y Fisiología del Ejercicio, con relación a la DMT2 y el ejercicio.
Resultados: el ejercicio físico, tanto de fuerza como de resistencia, ha demostrado mejorar la actividad metabólica muscular, reducir la inflamación sistémica, favorecer la función mitocondrial, modificar la composición corporal y contribuir a la función de las células beta. Al parecer, buena parte de estos efectos son secundarios a la acción endocrina del músculo, pero también al impacto metabólico y energético que el ejercicio implica.
Conclusiones: esta revisión demuestra los mecanismos biológicos de cómo el ejercicio es un pilar clave en la prevención y el tratamiento de la DMT2.
Citas
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