Palabras clave
Índice de Masa Corporal
Hemoglobina Glucada
Antropometría
Biomarcadores
Monitoreo Continuo de Glucosa
Obesidad
Medición de Riesgo
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el síndrome metabólico (SM) constituye un importante problema de salud pública por su alta prevalencia y asociación con enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La obesidad representa su principal componente, y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) se ha empleado tradicionalmente como medida diagnóstica, pese a sus limitaciones. Paralelamente, la hemoglobina glucada (HbA1c) es ampliamente utilizada en la evaluación metabólica, aunque su interpretación aislada puede ser insuficiente.
Objetivo: analizar y comparar la evidencia sobre el índice de masa corporal y la hemoglobina glucada como parámetros diagnósticos y de seguimiento del síndrome metabólico, identificando sus limitaciones y explorando alternativas precisas y aplicables en la práctica clínica.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2025 en PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerNature y Google Scholar, empleando términos MeSH relacionados con “Body Mass Index”, “Glycosylated Hemoglobin” y “Metabolic Syndrome”. Se incluyeron artículos originales y revisiones en inglés y español, enfocados en adultos y en la evaluación diagnóstica del síndrome metabólico. Se excluyeron publicaciones en otros idiomas, estudios pediátricos y publicaciones no relacionadas con el objetivo de la revisión. En total, se incluyeron 82 artículos. No se realizó una evaluación formal del riesgo de sesgo ni análisis cuantitativo de la evidencia.
Resultados: el índice de masa corporal y la hemoglobina glucada, aunque accesibles y ampliamente utilizados, presentan limitaciones en la evaluación del síndrome metabólico. Se describen alternativas antropométricas y biomarcadores complementarios que podrían mejorar la estratificación del riesgo cardiometabólico.
Conclusiones: el índice de masa corporal y la hemoglobina glucada continúan siendo útiles, pero no deben emplearse como herramientas únicas en la evaluación del síndrome metabólico.
Citas
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