Keywords
pancreas
hypoglycemia
molecular biology
physiopathology
diagnosis
neoplasm staging
therapeutics
gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Insulinoma originates in the ?-cells of the pancreatic islets, in which insulin release is autonomous, avoiding counter-regulatory mechanisms. There are several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, based on the presence of germinal or somatic pathogenic variants.
Objective: To provide information on the etiopathogenesis, genetics, epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, staging, localization, treatment, and prognosis of insulinoma.
Methodology: Literature review in the PubMed database, Google Scholar and gray literature using the MeSH terms: “insulinoma”, “physiopathology”, “epidemiology“, “signs and symptoms”, “diagnosis”, “therapeutics”, “prognosis”, “gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor” and by review of bibliographical references list (in "snowball") of the selected studies.
Results: Insulinoma is the most common pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with a nonspecific clinical presentation, which should be considered in the presence of adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms, for which there is a range of diagnostic tools that should be used in a complementary approach given their limited sensitivity, and treatment should be oriented according to the characterization and staging of the tumor.
Conclusions: The diagnosis of insulinoma is delayed for several years due to its nonspecific clinical features, despite its mostly benign behavior, it is associated with great morbidity.
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