Palabras clave
diabetes mellitus tipo 2
diagnóstico
manejo de la enfermedad
terapia nutricional
ejercicio físico
consenso
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la sarcopenia es una condición musculoesquelética de carácter progresivo, definida por la disminución de la masa y la fuerza muscular, y se estima que impacta entre el 10,0?% y el 16,0?% de la población adulta mayor a nivel mundial, deteriorando su funcionalidad, autonomía y calidad de vida. En personas con DM2, la prevalencia de sarcopenia puede alcanzar el 20,9 %, siendo más común en adultos mayores. En Colombia, la elevada carga de ambas condiciones agrava el pronóstico funcional y metabólico, lo que demanda un enfoque clínico multidisciplinario y adaptado al contexto nacional.
Objetivo: Establecer recomendaciones basadas en evidencia científica para el abordaje integral de los pacientes con sarcopenia y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia, optimizando la toma de decisiones clínicas.
Metodología: Este consenso, desarrollado por la Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Metabolismo mediante un panel de nueve expertos, siguió una metodología estructurada que incluyó la definición de preguntas PICO, búsqueda y evaluación crítica de la evidencia, y la formulación de recomendaciones mediante técnicas formales de consenso.
Resultados: Se desarrollaron 35 recomendaciones para responder a 13 preguntas clínicas. La certeza de la evidencia fue entre moderada y alta, basada en guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos. La mayoría de las recomendaciones se clasificaron como "débil a favor", reflejando la limitada evidencia en algunas áreas.
Conclusión: Este consenso proporciona orientaciones prácticas para el manejo de la sarcopenia en pacientes colombianos con DM2. Estas recomendaciones deberán ser actualizadas periódicamente a medida que surja nueva evidencia científica.
Citas
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