Palabras clave
Hiperandrogenismo
Prevalencia
Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y describir la frecuencia de los fenotipos y caracterizar los fenotipos del síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) en las mujeres del Eje Cafetero.
Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, en 837 mujeres de 18 a 35 años. Se incluyeron mujeres que cumplían estrictamente los criterios establecidos por el consenso de Rotterdam para SOP en el momento de la atención, menarquia mínima de 3 años antes al ser reclutadas, y no usuarias de anticonceptivos hormonales; en tres instituciones universitarias de referencia ubicadas en el Eje Cafetero (Armenia, Pereira y Manizales), Colombia; entre 2016 y 2020. Las mujeres se sometieron a una evaluación clínica, bioquímica sanguínea y ecografía pélvica transvaginal para ajustarse a los criterios del consenso de Rotterdam. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Muestreo aleatorio simple.
Resultados: la edad media de las participantes fue de 32,46 ± 5,19 años. El grupo más representativo fueron las menores de 30 años. La prevalencia del SOP fue del 14,26 %. El 56,39 % correspondió al fenotipo “A”, seguido del fenotipo “D” (18,75 %). El 13,85 % de las mujeres no presentaron ovarios poliquísticos en el estudio ecográfico, y el 18,75 % no reportó hiperandrogenismo.
Conclusiones: es alta la prevalencia del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en las mujeres del Eje Cafetero, con predominio del fenotipo “A”. Se requieren más esfuerzos y educación a los profesionales, para lograr la estandarización de los criterios diagnósticos, con el propósito de establecer tanto la prevalencia como la caracterización fenotípica del SOP en toda Colombia.
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