Keywords
Dairy products
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors
Dietary supplements
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Dietary dairy intake has been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, recent studies suggest that this protective role is linked to the biological properties of dairy proteins.
Objective: Determine the viability of dairy as a dietary source of biopeptides with anti-diabetic properties.
Methodology: We analyzed the dairy proteins with the highest concentration in the milk of five species: bovine, sheep, goat, buffalo, and human. These were later subjected to simulated digestion in the BIOPEP-UWM platform, and subsequently to an in silico analysis of the percentage of gastrointestinal absorption, renal excretion, and mean effective concentration (EC50).
Results: A total of 51 di- and tripeptides with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory bioactivity (iDPP-IV) were obtained. The 13 biopeptides with the highest gastrointestinal absorption probability were those dipeptides with leucine and tryptophan residues in the C-terminal position, being these the most frequent amino acids in the iDPP-IV compounds. Moreover, six of the thirteen highly absorbable biopeptides appeared to derive from the digestion of proteins present in the milk of the five species. The bioactive profile analysis revealed 12 high-affinity molecular targets, of which two, DPP-IV and calpain-I, are involved in diabetes pathophysiology.
Conclusions: This study outlines parameters such as the gastrointestinal absorption, theoretical renal excretion, and anti-diabetic biopeptides'EC50 of DPP-IV inhibition thereby contributing new insights into the nutraceutical properties of dairy products and stating the release of iDPP-IV biopeptides during gastrointestinal digestion as an underlying mechanism of dairy intake reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.
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