Palabras clave
revisión
síndrome de Cushing
enfermedades raras
investigación biomédica traslacional
comorbilidad
diagnóstico
resultado del tratamiento
toma de decisiones clínicas
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el síndrome de Cushing (SC) es una enfermedad endocrina rara, asociada a una alta carga de morbilidad y mortalidad. Su baja prevalencia y la heterogeneidad clínica dificultan su estudio en poblaciones amplias, lo que resalta la importancia de los registros poblacionales como fuente de información para la vigilancia epidemiológica, el análisis clínico y la toma de decisiones en salud pública.
Objetivo: describir y analizar las características clínicas, terapéuticas y de desenlaces de los registros poblacionales de síndrome de Cushing disponibles a nivel mundial.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed hasta diciembre de 2024. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español que describieran registros poblacionales con pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de síndrome de Cushing. La búsqueda fue complementada con una revisión manual de referencias relevantes.
Resultados: se identificaron 15 artículos correspondientes a 12 registros poblacionales. La mayoría provino de Europa, destacándose el registro multinacional ERCUSYN. América Latina estuvo representada únicamente por un estudio en Argentina. Se evidenció alta heterogeneidad en los criterios diagnósticos, los tratamientos empleados y las definiciones de remisión. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo 2. La mortalidad varió entre 0 % y 26.5 %, dependiendo del tiempo de seguimiento.
Conclusiones: los registros poblacionales son herramientas fundamentales para mejorar el conocimiento clínico y epidemiológico del síndrome de Cushing. Sin embargo, su cobertura geográfica es limitada y su estandarización metodológica insuficiente. Es necesario promover el desarrollo de registros en regiones subrepresentadas como América Latina.
Citas
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