Palabras clave
mineralocorticoides
insuficiencia cardiaca
insuficiencia renal crónica
espironolactona
eplerenona
finerenona
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: el papel de la aldosterona y el de su receptor son motivos de investigación y aprendizaje continuo por su impacto en condiciones patológicas, en especial cardiacas y renales.
Objetivo: realizar una revisión narrativa acerca del efecto renal y cardiaco de la aldosterona junto a su receptor y describir la evidencia disponible en estudios clínicos de los medicamentos que tienen como objetivo terapéutico.
Metodología: para responder a las preguntas: ¿cuáles son los efectos cardiacos y renales de la activación del receptor de aldosterona en condiciones patológicas? y ¿qué estrategias terapéuticas implementadas se han utilizado en estudios aleatorizados? Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Pubmed con las palabras clave y los términos Mesh relacionados.
Resultados: esta revisión presenta una gran variedad de mecanismos de acción alternativos de la aldosterona y el receptor de mineralocorticoides y su relación con respecto a otros receptores, marcando su acción genómica y no genómica, que llevan finalmente a promover la inflamación y la fibrosis a nivel cardiaco y renal. Por último, se realiza un resumen de los estudios fase II y III de antagonistas de la aldosterona.
Conclusiones: la aldosterona es una hormona de gran relevancia por su acción en el riñón y el corazón desde su desarrollo y el receptor de mineralocorticoides se revela como un objetivo terapéutico, en el que los medicamentos mejorados se destacan por ser más específicos y por tener menos efectos adversos.
Citas
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