Abstract
The recent disruption of generative capabilities in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) followed unprecedented successes achieved by transformation and diffusion-based models, which led to substantial growth dependent on the training of "big models", in addition to the enormous availability of data today. The "self-supervised learning" on which AI is based seeks to predict the probability of the next word in a sentence, although the surprise was that the ability to answer questions, summarize, translate text, and know the sentiment of a sentence, all tasks associated with human intelligence, emerged (1).
The launch for public use in November 2022 of ChatGPT, AI initially based on the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) model of the company OpenAI, caused a schism at all levels, both within and outside the scientific field (2) and has induced an unprecedented race for supremacy between technological giants (Microsoft, Google, Meta), large computer vendors (Nvidia), companies of various kinds (Bloomberg), governments (UK), academia (Stanford University) and, most importantly, ordinary people, as is the case with open platforms such as Hugging Face.
References
Wei J, Tay Y, Bommasani R, Raffel C, Zoph B, Borgeaud S, et al. Emergent abilities of large language models. arXiv. 2022;220607682. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.07682
Brown T, Mann B, Ryder N, Subbiah M, Kaplan JD, Dhariwal P, et al. Language models are few-shot learners. En: Larochelle H, Ranzato M, Hadsell R, Balcan MF, Lin H, editores. Advances in neural information processing systems. California, Estados Unidos: NIPS; 2020. p. 1877-901.
Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, Sillos C, De Leon L, Elepaño C, et al. Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. PLOS Digital Health. 2023;2(2):e0000198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000198
O'Connor S. Corrigendum to "Open artificial intelligence platforms in nursing education: Tools for academic progress or abuse?" [Nurse Educ. Pract. 66 (2023) 103537]. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103572
Stokel-Walker C. ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove. Nature. 2023;613(7945):620-1. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z
Generative Pretrained Transformer, Thunström AO, Steingrimsson S. Can GPT-3 write an academic paper on itself, with minimal human input? HAL. 2022:03701250.
Zhavoronkov A. Rapamycin in the context of Pascal's Wager: generative pre-trained transformer perspective. Oncoscience. 2022;9:82-4. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.571
Salvagno M, Taccone FS, Gerli AG. Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing? Critical Care. 2023;27(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-023-04380-2
Kim SG. Using ChatGPT for language editing in scientific articles. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023;45(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-023-00381-x
Baghela A, Pena OM, Lee AH, Baquir B, Falsafi R, An A, et al. Predicting sepsis severity at first clinical presentation: The role of endotypes and mechanistic signatures. EBioMedicine. 2022;75:103776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103776
Li R, Kumar A, Chen JH. How Chatbots and Large Language Model Artificial Intelligence Systems Will Reshape Modern Medicine: Fountain of Creativity or Pandora’s Box? JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(6):596-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1835
Parmar P, Ryu J, Pandya S, Sedoc J, Agarwal S. Health-focused conversational agents in person-centered care: a review of apps. NPJ Digital Med. 2022;5(1):21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00560-6
Meng T, Guo X, Lian W, Deng K, Gao L, Wang Z, et al. Identifying facial features and predicting patients of acromegaly using three-dimensional imaging techniques and machine learning. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:492. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00492
Thorp HH. ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science. 2023;379(6630):313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879
IJMS [Internet]. Policy on AI and AI-Assisted Technology for Writing. Estados Unidos: IJMS. https://ijms.info/IJMS/Policies/AI_Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo