Palabras clave
complicaciones de la diabetes
incontinencia urinaria
personas mayores
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: la incontinencia urinaria (IU) es una condición altamente prevalente y discapacitante en adultos mayores y en mujeres con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2), pero continúa siendo poco reconocida en las guías clínicas. El aumento global de la diabetes y el envejecimiento poblacional amplifican su impacto.
Objetivo: esta declaración de posición tiene como objetivo aumentar la conciencia clínica sobre la incontinencia urinaria en personas con diabetes y proporcionar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para su manejo. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un proceso de consenso multidisciplinario para identificar barreras clave, desafíos y prioridades de atención, con el fin de guiar a los profesionales de la salud hacia una atención más integral y centrada en la persona.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión de alcance de la literatura clínica sobre la asociación entre la incontinencia urinaria y la diabetes tipo 2, siguiendo el Manual del Revisor del Instituto Joanna Briggs y las directrices PRISMA-ScR. Además, se utilizó la Técnica de Grupo Nominal para obtener aportes de un panel multidisciplinario de expertos, compuesto por endocrinólogos, geriatras, personal de enfermería y especialistas en piso pélvico.
Resultados: la revisión incluyó 32 artículos revisados por pares y sustentó discusiones estructuradas sobre la epidemiología, el impacto clínico, las estrategias terapéuticas y las experiencias vividas por personas con diabetes tipo 2 e incontinencia urinaria. El panel de expertos generó 57 propuestas, de las cuales 23 fueron consideradas críticamente importantes y se incorporaron en la declaración final.
Conclusiones: la incontinencia urinaria continúa siendo infradiagnosticada e insuficientemente tratada en adultos mayores y mujeres posmenopáusicas con diabetes tipo 2. Entre los factores que contribuyen a esta situación se encuentran la fragmentación de la atención, la limitada conciencia por parte del personal sanitario y las barreras económicas. Las estrategias multidisciplinarias que priorizan el control metabólico, la educación del paciente y una mejor accesibilidad a los servicios de salud son fundamentales para mejorar la calidad de la atención y reducir la carga de la incontinencia urinaria en esta población vulnerable.
Citas
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