Palabras clave
Infecciones por Coronavirus
Inmunidad
Cromosoma X
Cómo citar
Resumen
Contexto: La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) presenta un amplio espectro sintomático que varía de persona a persona. Sin embargo, hay evidencia que denota una dependencia del sexo en la severidad de los síntomas.
Objetivo: Describir los criterios y planteamientos que sugieren a las diferencias de sexo como factores responsables de la mortalidad y severidad de los síntomas de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda descriptiva de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed, tomando artículos publicados desde diciembre de 2019 hasta mayo de 2021, siendo los idiomas de publicación inglés y español, englobando estudios actuales y retrospectivos sobre factores sexuales, hormonales, moleculares y genéticos en la infección y enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 30 artículos, los cuales abordaban principalmente las siguientes líneas y temas de investigación: epidemiología y salud pública, ciencias biomédicas (evolución, reproducción, genética, inmunología, endocrinología, bioquímica, biología molecular) y, medicina clínica.
Conclusiones: Estadísticamente hay menor severidad y mortalidad por la infección en población femenina a nivel global. Esta tendencia responde a mecanismos que incluyen: una mayor reserva de enzima convertidora de angiotensina II (ECA2) en algunos tejidos, una respuesta inmune más eficaz debido a la presencia de hormonas sexuales que actúan como factores protectores a la enfermedad, así como mecanismos propios de los genes sexuales, ya sea la inactivación del X o genes asociados al sistema inmune.
Citas
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